Luca GERON
Avvenire, 30.3.2000 .
The evil Italians and non-political development of the end of '800: a debate today in Rome.
Serving Giolitti? Rudini tried to give solution to the Italian processor
Fonzi: "without the contribution of the people"
Conservative without a party, and if the fault was of Giolitti? Well, if Italy Risorgimento, that of historical right and left dying - by the book - with the guns of Light Beccaris in Milan, the Giolitti era that was to open, as well as the cradle of the transformer, of early industrialization and of the moderate cleric, was also the tomb of the Conservative Party Italian. Thus the pathology of the Italian political system, incapable of an alternation between two major factions in accordance with the purest Anglo-Saxon tradition, would find its origin in the failure of two tantitivi close together to create a conservative party rival in a Liberal Democratic Party. We share your
then gunshots from the Bava Beccaris, or rather from that of Marquis Antonio Rudini then head of government, branded as reactionary ephemeral, it turns out he tried during his first government (1891-93) "a delicate fillet operation of the moderate "open negotiations with the Vatican to obtain consent Catholic, "indispensable to the establishment of a conservative party in Italy." A political project, rediscovered by Paolo Carusi, now on display in "Pass the transformation. The first ministry of Rudin and the issue of new parties, "an attempt to combine with one hundred days of the government of Sidney Sonnino - another ill-treated by the memory - which in 1906 tried, by uniting Catholics and liberals transigenti anticlerical, to build an alternative right to Giolitti, lighted up by Umberto Gentiloni Silveri as in "Conservatives without a party. A failed attempt in the Italian Giolitti. A Conservative Party ever made, although in 1908 there were those who wrote the "Manifesto for a Conservative Party Italian. " A failure that "carries with it consequences and reflections that have more to do with the future development of Italy that the nineteenth-century conservative movement," writes Gentiloni Silveri. Two volumes rigorous and documented - both published by Studium and the center of a debate today Sturzo Institute of Rome's historical Fausto Fonzi, Ernesto Galli della Loggia, and Pietro Luigi Lotti Scoppola - presenting a summary unpublished, an 'inventive step' the origins of a very topical issue.
"The lack of a conservative party - says the Catholic historian Fausto Fonzi - was a reflection of the lack of participation of the Italian people in political life, in particular the absence of large the Catholics. "In short, the unresolved church-state relationship that formed in an unusual way compared to the rest of Europe the new political balance of the Italian early twentieth century. But according to Lorenzo Lotto, who teaches modern history at the University of Florence, In Rudin and Sonnino attempts were, however, unrealistic because "at least until 1994 the entire Italian political system has been conducted on a large gathering at the center. An Anglo-Saxon myth of the Risorgimento bipolarity that clashed with the reality of a sinister extremist Catholics and unrelated to the unitary state. The Conservative Party could not be born with Catholics in opposition of the liberal state. "Exceeding the non expedit - states in turn the historian Peter Scoppola - was not the condition for the formation of a strong moderate alignment, prevailed because instrumental use of the Catholic vote to help maintain the balance Giolitti against socialism. A policy of high-processed, but that made it impossible for the polarization of the system as happened in other countries where the conservative parties were born during the first industrialization of the agricultural world in defense of the religious world and closely related to it. "But in Italy, while in the decline of the liberal system of the nineteenth century mass parties picking up steam and social consensus, the middle class, obsessed with the risk of proletarianization, futurism, identified themselves culturally and politically with the nationalist movement. The outcome, also died out during the Giolitti, was the establishment of a new social bloc, formed by the middle classes and big business, which sustained Salandra and then entry into the war.
Conservative without a party, but without inheritance? "The credit for this attempt - Fonzi says - it was clear that it put a certain ideological line. A tradition of liberalism, the right, which can be traced back even that was Stephen Jacini teorizzzato the English political system and the Conservative Party national. A lost tradition, but high-profile moral remains a point of reference. " For
Scoppola instead the best part of the conservative tradition "was enhanced by Alcide De Gasperi, in a complicated situation of Catholics from the politics that conservatives of the century, thinking about a possible alliance with some of them, not posed. By contrast, the Catholic world was held together by the claims temporality and then by the defense of Catholic interests. A political space that can not find his own autonomy because dominated by sectarian concerns are legitimate, but which have prevailed on the dynamics of a society undergoing modernization.
few pennies of inheritance, according to Lotti, for conservative thought in the following of the century: "Some elements survived in the tradition of moderate liberalism, shocked by World War I and even overwhelmed by the second postwar period. "Defeated or subordinates in Giolittismo centrism and the Conservatives for Scoppola now have a new chance:" The political question at the end of this discussion is whether, Moro died out with every possible centrist synthesis, the time has come to a polarization of political where 'religious interests' are borne fairly by all Catholics in spite of political divisions. "A new political phase, also according to Lotti" in theory makes it possible not bipartisanship, but the bipolarity. One hypothesis is not unrealistic now, especially in an international novel. "I mean, held after the post-communist, the 'what' of the millennium could be the Conservative Party.
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Italians are individual genes that form, together, a people politically disorganized and immature.
A community so amazing to make an overall problem. A. Lattuada
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